Journal: Physiological Reports
Article Title: Vitamin D deficiency causes airway hyperresponsiveness, increases airway smooth muscle mass, and reduces TGF‐ β expression in the lungs of female BALB/c mice
doi: 10.1002/phy2.276
Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative gene expression of transforming growth factor (TGF) β 1 (A), TGF β 2 (B), TGF β 3 (C), TGF β receptor I (D), TGF β receptor II (E), and TGF β receptor III (F) in lungs of embryonic day 17.5 vitamin D‐deficient and ‐replete fetal mice. Data are expressed as fold changes obtained by normalizing candidate genes to the 18s ribosomal RNA reference gene. *indicates P < 0.05. Data are represented as mean (SD), n = 5/group.
Article Snippet: TGF‐ β protein levels in the BALF were measured using a DuoSet ELISA Development kit for measuring TGF‐ β 1 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) following the manufacturer's instructions.
Techniques: Expressing